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The Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries (ADAI) confirms two positive cases of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) detected in horses in Covington and Mobile counties.

EEE is a mosquito-transmitted disease that is more severe than West Nile Virus (WNV). The mortality rate in horses from WNV is reported at around 30 percent, while the rate for EEE is almost 90 percent.

Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries Rick Pate strongly advises horse owners to vaccinate for EEE and WNV. These diseases can pose a significant threat to equine health, and vaccination is the most effective way to protect horses from these potentially fatal illnesses.

“Mosquito-borne viruses like EEE and WNV are prevalent in Alabama’s warm and wet climate,” said Commissioner Pate. “I want to encourage horse owners to take these precautionary measures and vaccinate their horses.”

These viruses cause inflammation or swelling of the brain and spinal cord. General symptoms include central nervous system signs such as head pressing, convulsions, lack of response to facial stimulation, fever above 103 degrees, ataxia, paralysis, anorexia, depression and stupor. Other symptoms may include irregular gait, teeth grinding, circling and staggering. An infected horse may not exhibit all symptoms.

“We recommend vaccinating your horses every six months against both EEE and WNV,” said State Veterinarian Dr. Tony Frazier. “Horse owners are encouraged to contact their local veterinarian to schedule a vaccination.”

In addition to vaccination, performing these preventative measures can reduce the risk of EEE and WNV:

• Reduce Mosquito Exposure: Use insect repellents, keep horses indoors during peak mosquito activity (dawn and dusk) and utilize fans to reduce mosquito landing rates.
• Eliminate Standing Water: Remove or regularly change standing water sources where mosquitoes can breed, such as water troughs, buckets and old tires.
• Monitor Health: Regularly check horses for signs of illness listed above and consult a veterinarian immediately if symptoms of EEE or WNV are observed.

For more information about EEE or WNV related to animals, please contact the State Veterinarian’s office at 334-240-7253.